Определите время глагола сказуемого в следующих предложениях doctors help

Пожалуйста помогите очень нужно : определить время сказуемого в следующих предложениях и переведите их на русский язык?

Английский язык | 10 — 11 классы

Пожалуйста помогите очень нужно : определить время сказуемого в следующих предложениях и переведите их на русский язык.

1) Present Indefinite 2)Past Indefinite 3) Future Indefinite 1.

His sister studies at school.

2. You will see him tomorrow.

3. I went to the college at 7 o’clock.

4. Who took my book?

5. They work every day.

6. I shall read this book next week.

7. We translated this text last lesson.

8. What books does he usually read?

9. She will visit you soon.

10. We shall be good spcialists in some years.

Future : 2, 6, 9, 10.

Выпишите сказуемые, определите время : 1?

Выпишите сказуемые, определите время : 1.

I go to the college by bus 2 i do my morning exercises every day 3 we shall have invited you 4 wno has seen him?

5 He was working here 6 we have already done our work 7 what are you doing now 8 He was going home when we met 9 will you have read the book?

10 we translated this text last week 11 did you see them?

Напишите предложения в Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite, используя глаголы в скобках : 1?

Напишите предложения в Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite, используя глаголы в скобках : 1.

The news he gives them .

(to be) The news he gave them .

The news he will give them .

2. What foreign language .

In that house last summer?

. in the house next summer?

What foreign language .

What foreign language .

He . when he finishes school?

Задание 6?

Определите время сказуемого в следующих предложениях.

(Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple) His sister studies at school.

You will see him tomorrow.

I went to the collegeat 8o’clock.

Who took my book?

We shall be good specialists in some years.

We translated this text last lesson.

My mother likes classical music.

We don’t want to discuss it.

1) He spent last summer in the country’?

1) He spent last summer in the country’.

Past Simple (Indefinite).

2) She does not go to the college every day.

Present Simple(Indefinite) 3) Kate will cook dinner tomorrow.

Future Simple (Indefinite) 4) Alice is cooking an apple pie now.

Present Continuous (Progressive) 5) What did you prepare for breakfast yesterday?

Past Simple (Indefinite) надо перевести.

1. Сделайте в предложении Present Indefinite Tense вариант этого предложения в Past Indefinite Tense : They may prepare their homework in the library 2?

1. Сделайте в предложении Present Indefinite Tense вариант этого предложения в Past Indefinite Tense : They may prepare their homework in the library 2.

Сделайте в предложения в Present Indefinite Tense вариант этого предложения в Future Indefinite Tense : We must translate the text without a dictionary 3.

Сделайте в предложения в Present Indefinite Tense вариант этого предложения в Future Indefinite Tense : You may not smoke here 4.

Сделайте в предложения в Present Indefinite Tense вариант этого предложения в Past Indefinite Tense : He can speak English well 5.

Сделайте в предложение в Present Indefinite Tense вариант этого предложения в Future Indefinite Tense : Can she find all the information in this book?

6. Сделайте в предложения в Present Indefinite Tense вариант этого предложения в Past Indefinite Tense : Students must attend all the lectures.

Переведите все предложения : Present Indefinite I WORK much at my paper?

Переведите все предложения : Present Indefinite I WORK much at my paper.

I don’t WORK much at my paper.

Do you WORK much at your paper?

Past Indefinite I worked much at my paper.

I didn’t WORK much at my paper.

Did you work much at your paper?

Future Indefinite I shall (или will) work much at my paper.

I shan’t (или won’t) work much at my paper.

Shall (или Will) you work much at your paper?

Расписать эти три предложения по 5 типам вопросов?

Расписать эти три предложения по 5 типам вопросов.

1) I went to the college at.

2) They work every day.

3) She will visit you soon.

Надо сделать вопрос и отрицания 1?

Надо сделать вопрос и отрицания 1.

His sister studies at school.

2. You will see him tomorrow.

3. I went to the college at 7 o’clock.

4. Who took my book?

5. They work every day.

6. I shall read this book next week.

7. We translated this text last lesson.

8. What books does he usually read?

9. She will visit you soon.

10. We shall be good specialists in some years.

11. My father went to Moscow yesterday.

12. Who knows him?

13. At last she opened the window.

14. You’ll take this book in the library.

15. Do you often visit your parents?

16. He knew these words well.

17. Shall I read this text?

18. His children like music.

19. Did they go to the village?

20. Tomorrow we’ll go to the cinema.

10. We shall be good specialists in some years?

10. We shall be good specialists in some years.

11. My father went to Moscow yesterday.

12. Who knows him?

13. At last she opened the window.

14. You’ll take this book in the library.

15. Do you often visit your parents?

16. He knew these words well.

17. Shall I read this text?

18. His children like music.

19. Did they go to the vil lage?

20. Tomorrow we’ll go to the cinema.

2. Определите время и залог сказуемого?

2. Определите время и залог сказуемого.

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык : 1.

We translated this text at the last lesson.

2. Are you translating the text?

3. What were you doing when they came?

– We were translating an exercise.

4. Has he translated this article?

5. He will translate the article in a week, I think.

6. We often translate from English into Russian at lessons.

7. This article has already been translated.

8. A new book will be translated by him next year.

9. This book was translated into Russian last year.

10. A lot of books are translated from English into Russian every year.

11. The fax is being translated now.

Если вам необходимо получить ответ на вопрос Пожалуйста помогите очень нужно : определить время сказуемого в следующих предложениях и переведите их на русский язык?, относящийся к уровню подготовки учащихся 10 — 11 классов, вы открыли нужную страницу. В категории Английский язык вы также найдете ответы на похожие вопросы по интересующей теме, с помощью автоматического «умного» поиска. Если после ознакомления со всеми вариантами ответа у вас остались сомнения, или полученная информация не полностью освещает тематику, создайте свой вопрос с помощью кнопки, которая находится вверху страницы, или обсудите вопрос с посетителями этой страницы.

How much time do you spend in school per week? How much homework do you have to do every day? How many lessons do you have on Mondays? How many students study in your class.

2. have been repairing — present perfect continuous они чинили часы в течение двух часов.

1 not many Сколько апельсинов там? Немного 2 much — not much Сколько риса там? Немного 3 many — not many Сколько картофеля там? Немного 4 many — not many Сколько там печенья? Немного 5 much — not much Сколько молока там? Немного 6 many — not man..

2)Luke doesn’t like share room with his brother 3)Laura really enjoys singing in her local choir 4)Danny hates doing the washing up 5)Karim can’t stand going in lifts 6)Marydoesnt mind works at the weekend 7)I prefer to sit at the back of the class Н..

1. car 2. Pictures 3. London 4. Rest или resting 5. Train 6. Bus.

Car, pictures, holidays, see, rest.

1)C 2)c 3)b 4)b 5)b 6)b 7)a.

1 c 2 c 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 a.

1. Tatyana always has omelette and black tea for breakfast. 2. Our neighbours never make much noise. 3. My family lives in a beautiful mansion mot not far from the city. 4. — Do you often play golf or tennis? — Yes, I do. 5. — Does she prefer mi..

ВСТУПЛЕНИЕ 4 страница

1. Оборотthere is, there are (§ 16)

2. Основные формы глагола tobe(§ 15)

3. ВременагруппыIndefinite (Active Voice) (§ 10)

skeleton [‘skelitn] n скелет

bone [boun] n кость

backbone [‘baekboun] n позвоночник

breastbone [‘brestboun] n грудина

collar-bone [‘kotaboun] n ключица

bony [‘bouni] акостный

vertebral column [‘vaitibrsl ‘кэ1эт]

spinal column [‘spaingl ‘kotam] позво­ночник, спиннойхребетtrunk [trAgk] n туловищеlimb [lim] nконечностьskull [skAl] n черепbrain [brein] n мозгbody [‘badi] n телоinclude [in’klu:d] v включатьexclude [iks’klu:d] v исключатьjaw [d3o:] nчелюстьrib [rib] n реброjoin [d3D:in] v присоединятьjoint [d3o:int] n сустав

bend [bend] v сгибать(ся), гнуть(ся),

изгибаться) chest [tjest] n груднаяклеткаplace [pleis] v помещать;be placed v

бытьпомещеннымheart [ha:t] n сердцеlung[1лд] n легкоеarm [a:m] nрукаshoulder [Jouldd] n плечоshoulder-blade nлопаткаelbow [elbou] n локотьwrist [rist] n запястьеfirm [fa:m] ad]крепкийfirmly [‘fa:mli] advкрепкоbind [baind] v связыватьpalm [pa:m] nладоньthumb[Одш]nбольшойпалецрукиframework [‘freimwa:k] n остов, кар­кас

Упражнение 1. Укажите время глагола-сказуемого в следующих предло­жениях.

1. There will be a new student in our group. 2. There are eight facul­ties in the Moscow Medical Sechenov Academy. 3. There were two meetings last week. 4. In front of the rectorate there is a monument to I.M. Sechenov.

Упражнение 2. Составьте 5 предложений с оборотом thereis, thereare, используя данные ниже слова. Согласуйтеформуглаголаспоследующи­мисуществительными.

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There is There are

many English books 15 students little coffee twelve months a lamp in the glass, in the library, on the wall, in our group, in a year.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильный вариант для русского предложения. Обратите внимание на порядок слов русского и английского предложений.

a) На лекции присутствует мно­го студентов.

b) Рядом с нашим институтом находится студенческое обще­житие.

c) На нашем факультете было интересное собрание на прошлой неделе.

1. Many students are present at the lecture.

2. There are many students at the lecture.

1. There is a student’sjhostel near

2. The hostel is near our Insti-‘ tute.

1. There was an interesting meeting at our faculty last week.

2. An interesting meeting was at our faculty last week.

Упражнение 4. Напишите II, III, IVформы следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице (см. Грамматическийсправочник, § 9).

to ask, to use, to work, to enter, to speak, to found, to try, to study, to know, to like, to be, to consist

Упражнение 5. Определите время глагола-сказуемого в следующих пред­ложениях.

1. Doctors help people when they are ill. 2. The lecture on anatomy will begin at 12 p.m. 3.1 go to the Institute by bus. 4. She went home an hour ago. 5. Hippocrates established medical schools in Athens.

Упражнение 6. Поставьте подлежащие в следующих предложениях в един­ственном числе и согласуйте с ними форму сказуемого. Переведитепред­ложения.

1. Medical students study the structure of the human body. 2. These texts are easy to translate. 3. We shall work in the hospital this month. 4. My friends want to enter a medical college. 5. TheyspeakEnglishwell.

Упражнение 7. Укажите, какие сказуемые в данных предложениях выра­жены правильными глаголами.

1. The teacher asked many questions at the lesson. 2. She got all her text-books from the Institute library. 3. The students worked at the laboratory under the guidance of their teacher. 4. Naturalistsdividedallanimalsintotwoclasses.

Упражнение 8. Прочтите следующие слова и сочетания слов. Переведи­те их.

a) jaw [d3o:], heart [ha:t], wrist [rist], thumb [0дт], thus [9as], finger [‘firjgo], skeleton [‘skelitn];

b) vertebral column [ ‘vaitibral ‘kotam], vertebrate animal [‘va:tibrit ‘aenimsl].

it is so im/portant|, as it is \called|, at the ‘upper ‘end, there is a’nother ‘box of /bones, between the ‘shoulder and the /elbow, there are ‘eight ‘small \bones

Упражнение 9. Отработайте чтение следующих предложений:

The ‘most im’portant ‘part of the /skeleton | is the \backbone. At the ‘upper ‘end of the /backbone | there is the \skull.

Упражнение 10. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова. Запомните зна­чение:

ex-из:exclude, exchange, expel

un-, in-, im-, ir-, il— отсутствиекачества: unimportant, uneasy, invertebrate, impure, irregular, irresponsive, illegal, illogical

-у: bony, windy, healthy

-al: social, local, special, spinal, medical, biological

-less- отсутствиекачества: frameless, helpless, lifeless

-ly: quickly, really, usually, easily, especially, carefully Упражнение 11. Переведитеследующиепроизводныеслова.

1. bone, bony, backbone, breastbone; 2. to divide into, division, to subdivide, subdivision, divisible; 3. to include, to exclude, to conclude, included, exclusively, conclusion; 4. a joint, to join, joined, jointly; 5. to place, to replace, replacement, to be placed; 6. firm, firmly, to reaf­firm; 7. frame, framework, frameless

Упражнение 12. Просмотрите текст А и скажите, какие части скелета опи­саны в данном тексте.

1. The bones form the skeleton of the body. The most important part of the skeleton is the backbone. It is so important that naturalists divid­ed all animals into two classes — those which have a backbone and those which have none. All the higher animals have a backbone, or vertebral column and they are therefore called (называются) vertebrate animals. The others are called invertebrate animals.

2. The bones which form the skeleton or bony framework of the body include the bones of the head, the bones of the trunk, the bones of the lower and upper limbs.

3. At the upper end of the backbone there is the skull. Inside the skull is the brain. The bones of the head include the bones which make up the box-like structure, the skull, and freely movable bone which forms our lower jaw.

4. There is another box of bones in front of the backbone. The ribs, which join the backbone behind and bend round towards the breastbone in front, form a strong cage — the chest, inside of which there is the

Skull
Fig. 1.Skeleton.
Phalanges
Maxilla Mandible Cervical vertebra Scapula Thoracic vertebra ^Lumbar vertebra Ilium Sacrum i Coccyx
ol
Clavicle Sternum Humerus Ribs
Ulna Radius Pubis Fibula
Г-
-■JZr

heart and the lungs. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs and the breastbone.

5. The arms join the body at the shoulder, and the shoulder itself consists of two bones — the collar-bone in front, and the shoulder-blade behind. Between the shoulder and the elbow there is only one bone in the arm, but between the elbow and the wrist there are two. In the wrist there are eight small bones. They are bound (связаны) together, but their large number allows the wrist to bend freely. Next come the bones of the hand itself. In the body or palm of the hand there are five long bones — one for each finger and one for the thumb. Each of the fingers has three bones, and the thumb has two. Thus we have twenty-seven bones in the framework of the hand and wrist alone.

Упражнение 13. 1) Прочтите и переведите текст А. Абзац 5 переведите письменно. 2) Найдите в тексте А ответы, на следующие вопросы и зачитайте их. / j,

1. Is the backbone the most important part of the body? 2. What classes do the naturalists divide all the animals into? 3. What does the skull include? 4. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs and the breastbone, don’t they? 5. Howdoesthewristwork?

3) Составьте письменно план текста А. Упражнение 14. Подберите к латинским словам английские эквиваленты.

extremity lower jaw v rj

maxillar collar-bone 1 ‘

clavicle upper jaw

vertebral column, injury, cage, damage, harm, box, backbone

to include, inside, immovable, in front of, lower, behind, inverte­brate, to exclude, movable, vertebrate, outside, upper, higher

Упражнение 17. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, какими частями речи являются выделенные слова.

Упражнение 19. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на оборотthereis.

1. There is the skull at the upper end of the backbone. 2. There are many illustrated books on Human Anatomy. 3. There are three bones in each finger. 4. There is no backbone in invertebrate animals. 5. There are special hospitals for children in every town.

Упражнение 20.Поставьте сказуемые в следующих предложениях в отрицательной форме, переведите предложения.

Образец: I went to see them yesterday. ГЖ^

I did not go to see them yesterday. \ 1. The professor asked many questions at the seminar. 2. I got many text-books from the library. 3. I entered the Institute last year. 4. We shall help him with his studies. 5. He knows Human Anatomy well.

Упражнение 21. Задайте вопросы, ответами на которые были бы следующие предложения.

Образец:Do Did Will
I do. I did. I shall (will).
you study anatomy in the first year? Yes,

1. Yes, they do. The bones form the skeleton of the body. 2. Yes, they did. Naturalists divided all animals into two classes. 3. Yes, they will. The first-year students will study the structure of the human body this year. 4. Yes, they do. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs and the breastbone.

Упражнение 22. Прочтите предложения, поставив глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующих временах группы Indefiniteи согласуйте их с формой подлежащего и контекстом.

3. Большое количество костей Ъ запястье позюляет ему свободно дви­гаться. 4. Ребра защищают сердце, легкие и другие органы грудной клетки. 5. Плечо, предплечье и кисть образуют верхнюю конечность.

Упражнение 24. Опишите части тела, используя рис. 1. и следующие выражения.

The skull includes. The trunk consists of . The arms form the body at . The bones form. There are . bones in . The spinal canal contains .

Слова к части II

distinguish [dis’tiggwij] vразличать distinguishable [dis’tirjgwijabl] ^’раз­личимый abdomen [‘aebdaman] nбрюшная по­лость, живот thigh [0ai] nбедро (^r^ it [1] ankle [‘aegkl] nлодыжка toe [tou] nпалец ноги separate [‘sepsreit] vотделять, раз­делять

separable[‘верэгэЫ] а отделимый,

раздельный muscle [‘mAsl] nмышца muscular [‘mAskjuta] а мышечный forearm[Ъ:га:т] nпредплечье vertebra [‘v9:tibra]pi.vertebrae

[v9:tibri:] nпозвонок chamber [‘tjeimba] nкамера

cavity [‘kaeviti] nполость kidney [‘kidni] nпочка head [‘hed] nголова thorax [‘0o:raeks] nгрудная клетка ureter [jua’ri:ta] nмочеточник bladder [‘blaeda] nмочевой пузырь liver [‘liva] nпечень pancreas [‘paegkrws] nподжелудоч­ная железа spleen [spli:n] nселезенка pharynx [‘faerigks] nглотка alimentarycanalLaelfmentarika’nael]

пищеварительный тракт addition [a’dijn]nдобавление;inadditiontoвдобавок, в дополне­ние, кроме того, к тому же lie [lai] vнаходиться

Упражнение 1. Прочтите и догадайтесь о значении следующих слов, используя знание русского и латинского языков. Проверьтесебяпословарю.

general, separate, naturally, abdomen, bilaterally, symmetrical, sub­stance, canal, spinal, nervous, diaphragm, dorsal, pharynx

Упражнение 2. Подберите к латинским словам английские эквиваленты.

уеМга£^Ы/ L ‘ ‘ ^’ с $ c> j /->л

thorax ——- chest ° L 0 J >v

brain case, to include, to separate, chamber, to contain, skull, cavjty, to distinguish

Упражнение 4. Подберите пары антонимов.

the latter, the former, long, at the upper end, shbrt, at the bottom

Упражнение 5. Прочитайте и запомните перевод следующих внешне похожих слов, часто встречающихся в научной литературе. Переведите предложения с этими словами.

lastпоследний из ряда или по времени, предыдущий thelatestпоследний, недавний thelatterпоследний из двух (ранее упомянутых) 1. We remember the last lesson at school. 2. They were the last to come. 3. I like to listen to the latest news. His latest operation on the heart was yesterday. 4. The thorax encloses the heart and the lungs, the latter are on each side of the heart.

Упражнение 6. Переведите со словарем. Обратите внимание на изменение значения слова в зависимости от контекста.

of a man 2. bottom

of the stomach of a chair of a wall
1. body

of a motor-car of facts

3. chamber
of the heart of commerce in a house
4. head

of a department, State of a cabbage, flower

Упражнение 7. Просмотрите текст В (время — 10 мин): 1) скажите, в каких абзацах кратко изложено содержание текста «А» и в каких дается новая информация. 2) найдите предложения: а) с оборотом thereis, thereare. Объясните, как вы будете переводить предложения, в которых отсут­ствует обстоятельство места; б) с глаголом-сказуемым в форме Indefiniteв действительном залоге. 3) Переведите предложения.

Lesson1 Ф 53 TextВ ‘j й v

The human body is obviously separable into the head, the trunk and the limbs. In the head, the brain-case or skull is distinguishable from the face. The trunk includes the chest or thorax, and the ab­domen. Of the limbs there are two pairs — the upper, or arms, and the lower, or legs; and the legs and arms again are separable into several parts — the thigh, the leg and the toes in the lower limb and the upper arm, the forearm, the wrist and the fingers in the upper

limb. ГО-‘/ ‘ : rd д(a^ ,

The whole body, is bilaterally symmetrical. There are special bones in the trunk which are bound (связаны) together by a very strong and tough substance into a long column, which lies nearer the dorsal (or back) than ventral (or front) part of the body The bones are called (называются) the vertebrae. They separate a long narrow ca­nal, the spinal canal, which lies upon the dorsal side.

The spinal canal contains a long white cord — the spinal cord — which is an important part of the nervous system. The diaphragm divides the ventral chamber into two cavities — the thorax and abdo­men. The alimeptary canal trans-verses these cavities from one end to the other and pierces the diaphragm. In the abdomen there are also two kidneys, which lie against each side of the vertebral column, the ureters, the bladder, the liver, the pancreas and the spleen. The thorax encloses the heart and two lungs. The latter lie one on each side of the heart.

The dorsal chamber, or cavity of the skull, opens into the spinal canal. It contains the brain, which is continuous with the spinal cord. The brain and the spinal cord together constitute the cerebrospinal system. The ventral chamber, or cavity of the face encloses mouth and pharynx, into which the upper end of the alimentary canal (gullet or

Упражнение 8.Прочтите каждое суждение. Найдите в тексте В предло­жения, более полно выражающие мысль данного суждения, и прочти­те их.

Контрольно-обобщающие упражнения к уроку 1

Упражнение 1. Укажите предложения, которые следует переводить, начи­ная: а) с обстоятельства места; б) со сказуемого. Переведитеих.

1. There is a long white cord in the spinal canal. 2. There are two pairs of limbs in the human skeleton. 3. There are three groups of vertebrae according to their position. 4. There are differences in the structure of vertebrae. 5. There exist two, vertebral segments: anteriour and posterior. ^

(Ответы:a) 1, 2, 4. 6) 3, 5. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 16 Грамматического справочника.)

Упражнение 2. Образуйте форму инфинитива от следующих глагольных форм.

possessing seperated, made up, is, built, allows, turning, bent, con­taining, will bind

1. ВременагруппыConti^upjis (Active Voice)(§11)

2. Модальные глаголь^сап, ц rtiiist, йау 17)

3. Функции и перевод словаthat (those)(§ 34)

Слова к части I

skinп кожа lay [lei] (laid)vкласть layer[‘lei9] nслой average [‘aevsnd3]а средний male [meil] а мужского пола, мужс­кой

female [‘firmed]а женского пола,

женский cell [sel] nклетка

striated [strai’eitid] а поперечно-по-

лосатый, полосатый contract [kan’traekt] vсокращать(ся) blood [bL\d] nкровь vessel [vesl] nсосуд digestive [di’d3estiv] а пищеваритель­ный, пищевой refer [ri’fa:] vотноситься к чему-л., иметь отношение tissue [’tisju:] n ткань; connective

tissueсоединительная ткань smooth [smu:0] а гладкий, ровный viscera [‘visara]npi.внутренние

органы; кишки visceral [visaral] а относящийся к

внутренним органам cause [ko:z] vвызывать, быть при­чиной, заставлять; п причина

response [ris’pons] п ответ, отклик; реакция

effect [ffekt] п результат, следствие;

действие, влияние environment [in’vaiarsnmant] п окру­жение; среда; окружающая об­становка thatis (lat. i.e.) то есть

Упражнение 1. Найдите в каждом ряду глагол во временах группыContin­uous(см. таблицу в § 11 Грамматического справочника).

1. was placing placed; is placed; 2. bound; bind; is binding 3. were bent; was bending; benfc/ 4. joins; is joining; were joined; 5. are not included; will be including; includes; 6. is distinguishing; are distin­guishing; distinguishes

Упражнение 2. Поставьте след. предложения в отрицательную форму.

Образец: We are working at the laboratory now. c-

. are not wor ^ n S at ^e laboratory now. 1. They were discussing the functions of brain for two hours running. 2. W^ shall be studying the bones of the palm for the whole day. 3. He is taking his examination in history now.4. I was writing my report when she entered the library hall.

Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения, определите времен­ную форму глагола-сказуемого. , ч

1. Smooth or unstriated muscles contract without any volition.

2. Blood vessels are contracting when they respond to the temperature.

3. The bones of our body make up the skeleton. 4. They were making their experiment from 5 to 7. 5. Students will learn the framework of the chest in the first term. 6. We shall be studying the functions of the heart during the whole lesson. i / ;

Упражнение 4. Найдите модальные глаголы в следующих предложениях. Переведитепредложениянарусскийязык.

and invertebrates. 5. Comrade Petrov should stay at home as his leg still aches. 6. Future doctors must know human anatomy very well.

Упражнение 5.Заполнитепропускимодальнымиглаголамиcan, must, may.

1. Youл/come for consultations on physics any time from 5 to 8. 2. We ..j know all the functions of the lungs. 3. . I ask a question? 4. She . \come as she is ill. 5. Who ^describe the t^nes of the trunk? 6. The joints . move by the contraction of muscles. \ j,

Упражнение 6.Переведите следующие предложения. Определите какую функцию выполняют словаthat/those(см. § 34 Грамматическогоспра- вочника).

1. The doctor says tilaft he knows this patient. 2. Theixmes of the lower extremities articulate with the pelvic bones, those of the upper extremities extend from the shoulder girdle! 3. Through the centre of the vertebral column runs the canal that contains the spinal cord. 4. We liked that lecture very much. 5. The function of the liver is different from that of the spleen. 6. Thatwasthebookhewanted.

Упражнение 7. Прочтите следующие слова и сочетания слов. чПедоведи-

a) muscle [‘mAsl], muscular [‘mAskjub], female [‘fi:meil], fascia [‘fae- Jio] (pi. fasciae [‘faejii:], smooth [smu:0], striated [strai’eitid], t6 involve [in’volv], per cent [pd’sent];

b) a layer of muscles, 50 per cent of the total body weight, a charac­teristic feature of cardiac muscle

Упражнение 8. Познакомьтесь со значениями данных ниже суффиксов: агуive, ous, ionи приставкиen.Прочтите и переведите производные слова.

demonstrative, connective, effective

4. -ous (-eous, -ious)— суффиксприлагательных, имеющихзначение «обладающийкачеством», обозначеннымосновой: to continueпродолжаться) — continuousнепрерывный;glory^ слава — gloriousвеликолепный. / *

various, dangerous, infectious

5. -ion (-ation, -tion, -sion, -ssion)— суффиксы существительных, обозначающих действие или процесс, состояние или качество, результат действия: toseparateотделять — separationотделение.

foundation, observation, motion, fermentation, foundation, classifi­cation, decision, submission

Упражнение 9. Прочтите и переведите следующие однокоренные группы слов.

1. muscle, muscular, musculature, musculation; 2. to close, to enclose, close, closely, closed, closing; 3. to contract, contracted, contracting, contractile, contraction; 4. to vary, variant, various, variable, variation, variety; 5. to connect, connecting, connection, connective

Упражнение 12. Просмотрите текст А. Скажите, на сколько частей можно разделить текст и как можно озаглавить каждую часть.

Text А Types of Muscles

1. The word «muscle», according to one theory, comes from a Latin word that means «little mouse»: that is when a man’s muscles are con­tracting they look as if a little mouse runs about under his skin. Accord­ing to another theory the word [2] laige rorel irifhe form of bmfifies?^ Striated muscles are most for manipulation of the bones of the skeleton. Those are the muscles necessary for walking, running, turning the head and so on. That’s why we sometimes call them skeletal muscles. This type of muscle tissue includes the lai^e muscle masses of the body, the muscles of the arms, legs, back etc. 1 It includes all those muscles which must react quickly to changes in the environment, i.e. [3] those that become active through an effort of will. For this reason, we call striated muscles voluntary muscles.

5. Cardiac (heart) muscle is, in a sense, a cross between the previous two. A characteristic feature of cardiac muscle is that fibres have neither a beginning nor an end. In other words, the heart is simply a huge net of muscles in which all elements are continuous with each other. Cardiac muscles («heart» — Greek) have the strength and force of contraction of the skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle is under complete involuntary control. In that, it resembles visceral muscle.

1. etc. (Lat. et cetera) [it’setrs] = and so on итакдалее

2. i.e. (Lat. id est) — читаетсяthat is, namely тоесть

Упражнение 13.1)Прочтите и переведите текст А. Абзацы 4 и 5 переведите письменно. 2) Найдите в тексте А ответы на следующие вопросы и зачи­тайте их.

muscles? 4. What is the difference between the cardiac and’skeletal

____ 1_ О , » / f lr

Упражнение 14. Подберите к латинским словам английские эквиваленты.

cardiac lower jaw

mandible internal organs

Упражнение 15. Подберите пары антонимов.

voluntary, beginning, separated, to include, the former, to exclude, (he latter, connected, end, involuntary

Упражнение16.Дайтесинонимыкследующимсловамисловосочетаниям, injury, backbone, brain case, to be placed, to include

Упражнение 17. Прочтите следующие предложения и определите, какой мастью речи являются выделенные слова, найдите их значение в словаре. Переведитепредложения.

1. The word «muscle» means «little mouse» in Latin. 2. A positive test means the presence of bacteria in the blood. 3. Tendons, fasciae, various organs and the bones function by means of muscles. 4. . Cardiac muscle is under involuntary control. 5. The involuntary muscles control the beating of the heart. 6. Nerve impulses cause the muscle to contract. 7. We do not know the cause of his illness.

Упражнение 18. Прочтите предложения, поставив глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужное по смыслу время группыContinuous.Переведитепредложения.

1. The students (to work) in the physical laboratory from 9 to half past 10 yesterday. 2. When he came they (to classify) the bones of the upper extremities. 3. The walls of the blood vessels (to expand) when they respond to certain chemicals in the blood. 4. We (to discuss) the characteristic features of cardiac muscles now.

Упразднение 19. Замените времена группыIndefiniteвременами группыCon­tinuous,дополнив предложения обстоятельствами времени:now, at11 o’clock, whenyoucame, from. to, alltheday,где необходимо. Переведитепредложения.

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На нашем факультете было интересное собрание на прошлой неделе.

Many students are present at the lecture.

There are many students at the lecture.

There is a student’sjhostel near

our Institute. J<>и ( r ;

The hostel is near our Insti-‘ tute.

There was an interesting meeting at our faculty last week.

An interesting meeting was at our faculty last week.

Упражнение 4. Напишите II, III, IVформы следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице (см. Грамматическийсправочник, § 9).

to ask, to use, to work, to enter, to speak, to found, to try, to study, to know, to like, to be, to consist

Упражнение 5. Определите время глагола-сказуемого в следующих пред­ложениях.

1. Doctors help people when they are ill. 2. The lecture on anatomy will begin at 12 p.m. 3.1 go to the Institute by bus. 4. She went home an hour ago. 5. Hippocrates established medical schools in Athens.

Упражнение 6. Поставьте подлежащие в следующих предложениях в един­ственном числе и согласуйте с ними форму сказуемого. Переведитепред­ложения.

1. Medical students study the structure of the human body. 2. These texts are easy to translate. 3. We shall work in the hospital this month. 4. My friends want to enter a medical college. 5. TheyspeakEnglishwell.

Упражнение 7. Укажите, какие сказуемые в данных предложениях выра­жены правильными глаголами.

1. The teacher asked many questions at the lesson. 2. She got all her text-books from the Institute library. 3. The students worked at the laboratory under the guidance of their teacher. 4. Naturalistsdividedallanimalsintotwoclasses.

Упражнение 8. Прочтите следующие слова и сочетания слов. Переведи­те их.

jaw [d3o:], heart [ha:t], wrist [rist], thumb [0дт], thus [9as], finger [‘firjgo], skeleton [‘skelitn];

vertebral column [ ‘vaitibral ‘kotam], vertebrate animal [‘va:tibrit ‘aenimsl].

it is so im/portant|, as it is \called|, at the ‘upper ‘end, there is a’nother ‘box of /bones, between the ‘shoulder and the /elbow, there are ‘eight ‘small \bones

Упражнение 9. Отработайте чтение следующих предложений:

The ‘most im’portant ‘part of the /skeleton | is the \backbone. At the ‘upper ‘end of the /backbone | there is the \skull.

Упражнение 10. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова. Запомните зна­чение:

ex-из:exclude, exchange, expel

un-, in-, im-, ir-, il— отсутствиекачества: unimportant, uneasy, invertebrate, impure, irregular, irresponsive, illegal, illogical

-у: bony, windy, healthy

-al: social, local, special, spinal, medical, biological

-less- отсутствиекачества: frameless, helpless, lifeless

-ly: quickly, really, usually, easily, especially, carefully Упражнение 11. Переведитеследующиепроизводныеслова.

1. bone, bony, backbone, breastbone; 2. to divide into, division, to subdivide, subdivision, divisible; 3. to include, to exclude, to conclude, included, exclusively, conclusion; 4. a joint, to join, joined, jointly; 5. to place, to replace, replacement, to be placed; 6. firm, firmly, to reaf­firm; 7. frame, framework, frameless

Упражнение 12. Просмотрите текст А и скажите, какие части скелета опи­саны в данном тексте.

The bones form the skeleton of the body. The most important part of the skeleton is the backbone. It is so important that naturalists divid­ed all animals into two classes — those which have a backbone and those which have none. All the higher animals have a backbone, or vertebral column and they are therefore called (называются) vertebrate animals. The others are called invertebrate animals.

The bones which form the skeleton or bony framework of the body include the bones of the head, the bones of the trunk, the bones of the lower and upper limbs.

At the upper end of the backbone there is the skull. Inside the skull is the brain. The bones of the head include the bones which make up the box-like structure, the skull, and freely movable bone which forms our lower jaw.

There is another box of bones in front of the backbone. The ribs, which join the backbone behind and bend round towards the breastbone in front, form a strong cage — the chest, inside of which there is the

Thoracic vertebra ^Lumbar vertebra Ilium Sacrum

Sternum Humerus Ribs

heart and the lungs. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs and the breastbone.

5. The arms join the body at the shoulder, and the shoulder itself consists of two bones — the collar-bone in front, and the shoulder-blade behind. Between the shoulder and the elbow there is only one bone in the arm, but between the elbow and the wrist there are two. In the wrist there are eight small bones. They are bound (связаны) together, but their large number allows the wrist to bend freely. Next come the bones of the hand itself. In the body or palm of the hand there are five long bones — one for each finger and one for the thumb. Each of the fingers has three bones, and the thumb has two. Thus we have twenty-seven bones in the framework of the hand and wrist alone.

Упражнение 13. 1) Прочтите и переведите текст А. Абзац 5 переведите письменно. 2) Найдите в тексте А ответы, на следующие вопросы и зачитайте их. / j,

1. Is the backbone the most important part of the body? 2. What classes do the naturalists divide all the animals into? 3. What does the skull include? 4. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs and the breastbone, don’t they? 5. Howdoesthewristwork?

3) Составьте письменно план текста А. Упражнение 14. Подберите к латинским словам английские эквиваленты.

extremity lower jaw v r j

maxillar collar-bone 1 ‘

clavicle upper jaw

vertebral column, injury, cage, damage, harm, box, backbone

to include, inside, immovable, in front of, lower, behind, inverte­brate, to exclude, movable, vertebrate, outside, upper, higher

Упражнение 17. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, какими частями речи являются выделенные слова.

Упражнение 19. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на оборотthereis.

1. There is the skull at the upper end of the backbone. 2. There are many illustrated books on Human Anatomy. 3. There are three bones in each finger. 4. There is no backbone in invertebrate animals. 5. There are special hospitals for children in every town.

Упражнение 20.Поставьте сказуемые в следующих предложениях в отрицательной форме, переведите предложения.

Образец: I went to see them yesterday. ГЖ^

I did not go to see them yesterday. \ 1. The professor asked many questions at the seminar. 2. I got many text-books from the library. 3. I entered the Institute last year. 4. We shall help him with his studies. 5. He knows Human Anatomy well.

Упражнение 21. Задайте вопросы, ответами на которые были бы следующие предложения.

you study anatomy in the first year? Yes,

1. Yes, they do. The bones form the skeleton of the body. 2. Yes, they did. Naturalists divided all animals into two classes. 3. Yes, they will. The first-year students will study the structure of the human body this year. 4. Yes, they do. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs and the breastbone.

Упражнение 22. Прочтите предложения, поставив глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующих временах группы Indefiniteи согласуйте их с формой подлежащего и контекстом.

3. Большое количество костей Ъ запястье позюляет ему свободно дви­гаться. 4. Ребра защищают сердце, легкие и другие органы грудной клетки. 5. Плечо, предплечье и кисть образуют верхнюю конечность.

Упражнение 24. Опишите части тела, используя рис. 1. и следующие выражения.

The skull includes. The trunk consists of . The arms form the body at . The bones form. There are . bones in . The spinal canal contains .

Слова к части II

distinguish [dis’tiggwij] vразличать distinguishable [dis’tirjgwijabl] ^’раз­личимый abdomen [‘aebdaman] nбрюшная по­лость, живот thigh [0ai] nбедро (^r^ it 1 ankle [‘aegkl] nлодыжка toe [tou] nпалец ноги separate [‘sepsreit] vотделять, раз­делять

separable[‘верэгэЫ] а отделимый,

раздельный muscle [‘mAsl] nмышца muscular [‘mAskjuta] а мышечный forearm[Ъ:га:т] nпредплечье vertebra [‘v9:tibra]pi.vertebrae

[v9:tibri:] nпозвонок chamber [‘tjeimba] nкамера

cavity [‘kaeviti] nполость kidney [‘kidni] nпочка head [‘hed] nголова thorax [‘0o:raeks] nгрудная клетка ureter [jua’ri:ta] nмочеточник bladder [‘blaeda] nмочевой пузырь liver [‘liva] nпечень pancreas [‘paegkrws] nподжелудоч­ная железа spleen [spli:n] nселезенка pharynx [‘faerigks] nглотка alimentarycanalLaelfmentarika’nael]

пищеварительный тракт addition [a’dijn]nдобавление;inadditiontoвдобавок, в дополне­ние, кроме того, к тому же lie [lai] vнаходиться

Упражнение 1. Прочтите и догадайтесь о значении следующих слов, используя знание русского и латинского языков. Проверьтесебяпословарю.

general, separate, naturally, abdomen, bilaterally, symmetrical, sub­stance, canal, spinal, nervous, diaphragm, dorsal, pharynx

Упражнение 2. Подберите к латинским словам английские эквиваленты.

уеМга£^Ы/ L ‘ ‘ ^’ с $ c> j /->л

thorax chest ° L 0 J >v

brain case, to include, to separate, chamber, to contain, skull, cavjty, to distinguish

Упражнение 4. Подберите пары антонимов.

the latter, the former, long, at the upper end, shbrt, at the bottom

Упражнение 5. Прочитайте и запомните перевод следующих внешне похожих слов, часто встречающихся в научной литературе. Переведите предложения с этими словами.

lastпоследний из ряда или по времени, предыдущий thelatestпоследний, недавний thelatterпоследний из двух (ранее упомянутых) 1. We remember the last lesson at school. 2. They were the last to come. 3. I like to listen to the latest news. His latest operation on the heart was yesterday. 4. The thorax encloses the heart and the lungs, the latter are on each side of the heart.

Упражнение 6. Переведите со словарем. Обратите внимание на изменение значения слова в зависимости от контекста.

of a man 2. bottom

of the stomach of a chair of a wall

of a motor-car of facts

of the heart of commerce in a house

of a department, State of a cabbage, flower

Упражнение 7. Просмотрите текст В (время — 10 мин): 1) скажите, в каких абзацах кратко изложено содержание текста «А» и в каких дается новая информация. 2) найдите предложения: а) с оборотом thereis, thereare. Объясните, как вы будете переводить предложения, в которых отсут­ствует обстоятельство места; б) с глаголом-сказуемым в форме Indefiniteв действительном залоге. 3) Переведите предложения.

Lesson1 Ф 53 TextВ ‘j й v

The human body is obviously separable into the head, the trunk and the limbs. In the head, the brain-case or skull is distinguishable from the face. The trunk includes the chest or thorax, and the ab­domen. Of the limbs there are two pairs — the upper, or arms, and the lower, or legs; and the legs and arms again are separable into several parts — the thigh, the leg and the toes in the lower limb and the upper arm, the forearm, the wrist and the fingers in the upper

limb. ГО-‘/ ‘ : rd д(a^ ,

The whole body, is bilaterally symmetrical. There are special bones in the trunk which are bound (связаны) together by a very strong and tough substance into a long column, which lies nearer the dorsal (or back) than ventral (or front) part of the body The bones are called (называются) the vertebrae. They separate a long narrow ca­nal, the spinal canal, which lies upon the dorsal side.

The spinal canal contains a long white cord — the spinal cord — which is an important part of the nervous system. The diaphragm divides the ventral chamber into two cavities — the thorax and abdo­men. The alimeptary canal trans-verses these cavities from one end to the other and pierces the diaphragm. In the abdomen there are also two kidneys, which lie against each side of the vertebral column, the ureters, the bladder, the liver, the pancreas and the spleen. The thorax encloses the heart and two lungs. The latter lie one on each side of the heart.

The dorsal chamber, or cavity of the skull, opens into the spinal canal. It contains the brain, which is continuous with the spinal cord. The brain and the spinal cord together constitute the cerebrospinal system. The ventral chamber, or cavity of the face encloses mouth and pharynx, into which the upper end of the alimentary canal (gullet or

Упражнение 8.Прочтите каждое суждение. Найдите в тексте В предло­жения, более полно выражающие мысль данного суждения, и прочти­те их.

Контрольно-обобщающие упражнения к уроку 1

Упражнение 1. Укажите предложения, которые следует переводить, начи­ная: а) с обстоятельства места; б) со сказуемого. Переведитеих.

1. There is a long white cord in the spinal canal. 2. There are two pairs of limbs in the human skeleton. 3. There are three groups of vertebrae according to their position. 4. There are differences in the structure of vertebrae. 5. There exist two, vertebral segments: anteriour and posterior. ^

(Ответы:a) 1, 2, 4. 6) 3, 5. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 16 Грамматического справочника.)

Упражнение 2. Образуйте форму инфинитива от следующих глагольных форм.

possessing seperated, made up, is, built, allows, turning, bent, con­taining, will bind

ВременагруппыConti^upjis (Active Voice)(§11)

Модальные глаголь^сап, ц rtiiist, йау 17)

Функции и перевод словаthat (those)(§ 34)

Слова к части I

skinп кожа lay [lei] (laid)vкласть layer[‘lei9] nслой average [‘aevsnd3]а средний male [meil] а мужского пола, мужс­кой

female [‘firmed]а женского пола,

женский cell [sel] nклетка

striated [strai’eitid] а поперечно-по-

лосатый, полосатый contract [kan’traekt] vсокращать(ся) blood [bL\d] nкровь vessel [vesl] nсосуд digestive [di’d3estiv] а пищеваритель­ный, пищевой refer [ri’fa:] vотноситься к чему-л., иметь отношение tissue [’tisju:] n ткань; connective

tissueсоединительная ткань smooth [smu:0] а гладкий, ровный viscera [‘visara]npi.внутренние

органы; кишки visceral [visaral] а относящийся к

внутренним органам cause [ko:z] vвызывать, быть при­чиной, заставлять; п причина

response [ris’pons] п ответ, отклик; реакция

effect [ffekt] п результат, следствие;

действие, влияние environment [in’vaiarsnmant] п окру­жение; среда; окружающая об­становка thatis (lat. i.e.) то есть

Упражнение 1. Найдите в каждом ряду глагол во временах группыContin­uous(см. таблицу в § 11 Грамматического справочника).

1. was placing placed; is placed; 2. bound; bind; is binding 3. were bent; was bending; benfc/ 4. joins; is joining; were joined; 5. are not included; will be including; includes; 6. is distinguishing; are distin­guishing; distinguishes

Упражнение 2. Поставьте след. предложения в отрицательную форму.

Образец: We are working at the laboratory now. c-

. are not wor ^ n S at ^e laboratory now. 1. They were discussing the functions of brain for two hours running. 2. W^ shall be studying the bones of the palm for the whole day. 3. He is taking his examination in history now.4. I was writing my report when she entered the library hall.

Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения, определите времен­ную форму глагола-сказуемого. , ч

1. Smooth or unstriated muscles contract without any volition.

Blood vessels are contracting when they respond to the temperature.

The bones of our body make up the skeleton. 4. They were making their experiment from 5 to 7. 5. Students will learn the framework of the chest in the first term. 6. We shall be studying the functions of the heart during the whole lesson. i / ;

Упражнение 4. Найдите модальные глаголы в следующих предложениях. Переведитепредложениянарусскийязык.

and invertebrates. 5. Comrade Petrov should stay at home as his leg still aches. 6. Future doctors must know human anatomy very well.

Упражнение 5.Заполнитепропускимодальнымиглаголамиcan, must, may.

1. Youл/come for consultations on physics any time from 5 to 8. 2. We ..j know all the functions of the lungs. 3. . I ask a question? 4. She . \come as she is ill. 5. Who ^describe the t^nes of the trunk? 6. The joints . move by the contraction of muscles. \ j ,

Упражнение 6.Переведите следующие предложения. Определите какую функцию выполняют словаthat/those(см. § 34 Грамматическогоспра- вочника).

1. The doctor says tilaft he knows this patient. 2. Theixmes of the lower extremities articulate with the pelvic bones, those of the upper extremities extend from the shoulder girdle! 3. Through the centre of the vertebral column runs the canal that contains the spinal cord. 4. We liked that lecture very much. 5. The function of the liver is different from that of the spleen. 6. Thatwasthebookhewanted.

Упражнение 7. Прочтите следующие слова и сочетания слов. чПедоведи-

muscle [‘mAsl], muscular [‘mAskjub], female [‘fi:meil], fascia [‘fae- Jio] (pi. fasciae [‘faejii:], smooth [smu:0], striated [strai’eitid], t6 involve [in’volv], per cent [pd’sent];

a layer of muscles, 50 per cent of the total body weight, a charac­teristic feature of cardiac muscle

Упражнение 8. Познакомьтесь со значениями данных ниже суффиксов: аг у ive, ous, ionи приставкиen.Прочтите и переведите производные слова.

demonstrative, connective, effective

-ous (-eous, -ious)— суффиксприлагательных, имеющихзначение «обладающийкачеством», обозначеннымосновой: to continueпродолжаться) — continuousнепрерывный;glory^ слава — gloriousвеликолепный. / *

various, dangerous, infectious

-ion (-ation, -tion, -sion, -ssion)— суффиксы существительных, обозначающих действие или процесс, состояние или качество, результат действия: toseparateотделять — separationотделение.

foundation, observation, motion, fermentation, foundation, classifi­cation, decision, submission

Упражнение 9. Прочтите и переведите следующие однокоренные группы слов.

1. muscle, muscular, musculature, musculation; 2. to close, to enclose, close, closely, closed, closing; 3. to contract, contracted, contracting, contractile, contraction; 4. to vary, variant, various, variable, variation, variety; 5. to connect, connecting, connection, connective

Упражнение 12. Просмотрите текст А. Скажите, на сколько частей можно разделить текст и как можно озаглавить каждую часть.

Text А Types of Muscles

The word «muscle», according to one theory, comes from a Latin word that means «little mouse»: that is when a man’s muscles are con­tracting they look as if a little mouse runs about under his skin. Accord­ing to another theory the word 5 6 7 . 33 следующая →


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