Упражнения по английскому на суффиксы и приставки

Словообразование в английском — упражнения с ответами

Добрый день, читатели блога grammar-tei.com. Сегодня мы займемся словообразованием и выполним несколько упражнений на словообразование в английском языке. Все упражнения даются с ответами, поэтому Вы сможете проверить себя.

Тема словообразование в английском – очень сложная, поэтому практиковаться нужно много. Всем известно, что задания на словообразования есть в ЕГЭ. Не будем откладывать и выполним упражнения на словообразование в английском.

Задания на словообразование. Word building exercises.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте существительные.

1. The study calculated that replacing weekly fruit juice . with whole fruits could bring health benefits. (consume)
2. For my birthday Mother baked a cake with yellow . . (ice)
3. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are called . because they provide the fuel your body needs. (nutrition)
4. Many women have to juggle . and a full-time job. (mother)
5. . are unavoidable when three . live under one roof. (argue, generate)
6. Her deep . of her sister was evident. (hate)
7. Older people who live alone often need help with gardening and house . (maintain)
8. Positive attitude helps employees to get along with . and managers. (worker)
9. China’s air. has cut life . by an average of 5.5 years in the north of the country and caused higher rates of lung cancer. (pollute, expect)
10. It is much safer to use stainless steel or glass . instead of plastic ones. (contain)

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте прилагательные.

1. My favorite . book is “Appetite” by Nigel Slater. (cooker)
2. Eating can also make you . and so can waking up in the morning. (thirst)
3. You shouldn’t rest on your laurels but try to improve your . performance. (academy)
4. Highly . gas is naturally found in coal mines. (explode)
5. An . species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of extinction. (danger)
6. The most. earthquake struck in Shanxi, China 1556. (disaster)
7. . exploitation of nature by man has resulted in the effects we have to deal with now. (thought)
8. Laos is a landlocked . country, widely covered by tropical forest. (mountain)
9. I decided to take a walk. It would be too . to wait in the queue. (tire)

Упражнение 3. Используйте отрицательные приставки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

1. The service was slow and the waiter’s familiarity was … , so we left without paying. (accept)
2. Some children are a challenge, especially when they . in public places. (behaviour)
3. To my . , the restaurant was overbooked and we had to spend the evening at home. (appoint)
4. Michael was . about what dessert to order. (decide)
5. Parents’. of their children’s behaviour and life choices can ruin their lives. (approve)
6. There is a huge difference between . children and those merely . to listen to their parents’ advice. (obey, will)
7. Young children mustn’t be left . either at home or at public places. (attention)
8. She was frequently left alone by her . husband. (faith)
9. If you describe someone as . you are criticising them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly or are . to act in this capacity. (competence, qualifications)
10. Banks are still seen as . and many people keep their savings at home. (security)

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, образуйте глаголы.

1. Guar gum also is used in the food industry to . products like ice cream. (thick)
2. Old Manchester houses are made of red brick. by soot. (black)
3. David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would . up the room. (bright)
4. Do we ever stop to think about the importance of the air we . ? (breath)
5. I’d like to . this dress for one in a larger size. (change)
6. They . 100 dollars from a bank account an hour ago. (draw)

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

1. Sometimes one’s . are the only people one can . in. (parental, confidence)
2. Many people . that getting a spouse can put them out of their. which later. wrong, because sometimes marriage makes life more difficult. (belief, miserable, proof)
3. An . Roman . has been discovered in northwest England, (extend, settle)
4. The dining-room is elegantly . and . carpeted, (furniture, luxury)
5. Everyone is . of her having the chance to . abroad, (envy, student)
6. When employers look at. candidates, beyond skills, experience, and training, they look for those who demonstrate . (prospect, enthuse)
7. In the city the . and . were insufferable, (hot, humid)
8. Our planet’s. regions, located just north and south of the equator, are known for their. and . (tropic, warm, humid)
9. Next to Shakespeare, no . gets more love on Broadway than Tennessee Williams, (play)
10. During Elizabeth’s reign England significantly . its trade . and in 1580 Sir Francis Drake became the first Englishman to successfully . the earth, (expansion, sea, circumnavigation)

Упражнение 6. Образуйте слова от данных. Вставьте слова в текст.

A.

RESTORATION, LOOK, DEMOLITION, EXTEND, GOTH, ACCOMMODATE, PANELLING, UNEXPECTED

Located in Wiltshire, an outstanding and beautifully __________ (1), late ________ (2) style manor house was built of limestone. Originally it was a much larger property that was mostly ___________ (3). Solid in appearance and structure, it offers _________ (4) and well presented ___________ (5). As one would ___________ (6) there is a grand drawing room with oak _________ (7) walls and a large open fireplace. The large windows __________ (8) a parkland setting.

B.

FORM, ILLEGAL, EDUCATIONAL, QUALIFICATIONS, TUITION

Home education is when a child is __________ (1) at home rather than at school. It’s perfectly __________ (2) in the UK and one doesn’t need to be a __________ (3) teacher to do so. Children who are home educated receive all their education from their parents, sometimes with the help of outside __________ (4). If you decide to home educate your child you don’t have to follow __________ (5) rules about how you teach or when you teach.

C.

CHIEF, SEARCH, SCIENCE, INDUCE, COLLECT, APPLY, ADOPTION, FOUND

English philosopher, statesman, and jurist who rose to become Lei Chancellor (1618—1621) to James I but is __________ (1) remembered for the status he gave to __________ (2) research in England. Although his name is associated with the method of __________ (3) and the rejection of a priori reasoning in science, the painstaking __________ (4) of miscellaneous facts without any use of error theory which he supported in the Novum Organum has never been __________ (5) as a practical method of __________ (6). The __________ (7) of the Baconian method was, however, an important object in the __________ (8) of the Royal Society some years later.

D.

DEPTH, HARMLESS, DESIRE, MODERATE, ACCESS

We’ve all heard of emotional eating. There’s also such a thing as emotional shopping. In __________ (1), neither of these activities is __________ (2), but in excess both can have serious consequences. The __________ (3) and the affordability of goods make shopping all the more appealing. For many compulsive buyers, a big part of the appeal of shopping is the process of searching out and obtaining that new, better, __________ (4) item. This process is so mesmerising that it often ruins long-term financial plans, leaving shoppers __________ (5) in debt.

Ответы к упражнениям на словообразование. Word building exercises – answers.

1 consumption, 2 icing, 3 nutrients, 4 motherhood/maternity, 5 arguments, generations, 6 hatred, 7 maintenance, 8 co-workers, 9 pollution, expectancy

1 cookery, 2 thirsty, 3 academic, 4 explosive, 5 endangered, 6 disastrous, 7 thoughtless, 8 mountainous, 9 tiresome

1 unacceptable, 2 misbehave, 3 disappointment, 4 indecisive, 5 disapproval, 6 disobedient, unwilling, 7 unattended, 8 unfaithful, 9 incompetent, unqualified, 10 insecure

1 thicken, 2 blackened, 3 brighten, 4 breathe, 5 exchange, 6 withdrew

1 parents, confide, 2 believe, misery, proves, 3 extensive, settlement, 4 furnished, luxuriously 5 envious, study, 6 prospective, enthusiasm, 7 heat, humidity, 8 tropic (al), warmth, humidity, 9 playwright, 10 expanded, oversea (s), circumnavigate

1 restored, 2 gothic, 3 demolished, 4 extensive 5 accommodation, 6 expect, 7 panel (l) ed, 8 overlook

1 educated, 2 legal, 3 qualified, 4 tutors, 5 formal

1 chiefly, 2 scientific, 3 induction, 4 collection, 5 adopted, 6 research, 7 application, 8 foundation

1 moderation, 2 harmful, 3 accessibility, 4 desirable, 5 deeply

Надеюсь, эти упражнения на словообразование помогут Вам в изучении этого непростого раздела английского языка. Word building exercises are very useful!

Понравилось? Сохраните на будущее и поделитесь с друзьями!

Задания на словообразование в формате ЕГЭ

Данные задания на слоовообразование в английском языке составлены по материалам пособия «Сборник тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку» (М. Вербицкая, Малколм Манн и др.) и входят в цикл «Английский язык. Подготовка к ЕГЭ. СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ». Задания на словообразование рекомендуется выполнять после изучения теоретического материала, ссылки на который даны перед упражнениями.

Словообразование. Задания в формате ЕГЭ

Содержание:

Суффиксы существительного

Задание 1. Измените слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию предложения.

Слово «лексически» означает, что к слову нужно добавить суффикс или префикс.

Слово «грамматически» означает, что к преобразованному слову, возможно, нужно добавить окончание.

ПРИМЕР. Animal __________ will enjoy the performance. love

Animal lovers will enjoy the performance. — Любители животных получат удовольствие от представления.

Здесь требуется поставить существительное — lover во мн. число, исходя из контекста.

1. This __________ is passed through the generations. able
2. Stress is the ___________ with which syllables are pronounced. strong
3. His ______________led him to discovering a lot of information. curious
4. This book contains _________of the centuries. wise
5. This film takes me back to my ____________. child
6. The ___________of this corridor was surprising. long
7. It will be disastrous for the ___________. human
8. I appreciate our ___________. friend
9. I will die of ____________if I live that long. bored
10. The __________of her feelings was unexpected for me. warm
11. The____________is given to particularly bright students. scholar
12. He was famous for his ___________ . serious
13. The ___________of this song is incredible. popular
14. We were surprised at the _________in her speech. differ
15. It is easy to learn how to do this _________. active
16. The airplane started to lose __________. high

Задание 2. Form nouns from the words in bold.

1. The Hercules was famous for his _________ . strong
2. The ____________of the swimming pool was about 5 meters. wide
3. I was surprised by the ______________ of the tablecloth. white
4. The _________of the Tower and the __________ of the walls made it a perfect prison. high, thick
5. The ___________was delayed by fog for an hour. fly
6. Giving alive ___________is quite different from performing on a film. perform
7. Our ___________to predict the weather depends on the information we have. able
8. Another major ____________is the shape of the ball. different
9. The __________of the baseball is very great in America. popular
10. Much of his ________ Chekhov lived in severe poverty. child
11. The ______of London since then has been incredible. grow
12. We moved to our new ______________last spring. resident
13. Many encyclopedias state with __________that the Nile is the longest river in the world. confident
14. Her acting is closer to __________. real
15. The story of the dodo`s ___________is one example of man`s effect on the environment. disappear
16. He had ____________in finding a job. difficult
17. Each _____________is worth considering. possible

Задание 3. Form nouns from the words in bold.

1. The ______________ of this building took 20 years from start to finish. construct
2. Famous __________were held in the Tower. prison
3. Many _____________come to London each year. visit
4. Before the ____________of the hot air balloon, no human had ever successfully flown into the air. invent
5. The first successful __________was in 1783. fly
6. The ___________of the balloon depends on the wind. direct
7. The _____________and response of the audience can affect how the actor feels and performs. behave
8. They want to have the opportunity to do some real _____. act
9. London is an ideal place nightlife ____________. entertain
10. Special _____________is used to collect weather data. equip
11. He never seemed to be interested in ____________. educate
12. An _______________called Clarence went on an expedition to Canada with his family. explore
13. He is famous for his finding the __________to the problem. solve
14. His success was an remarkable_______. achieve
15. The ____________of its place is unknown. locate
16. What is your ______________of the performance? impress

Задание 4. Form nouns from the words in bold.

1. ________will find these products on sale in the supermarkets. shop
2. In New York he became a ____________at drama school. study
3. The ship left for New York with a crew of seven professional _________. sail
4. To the crew’s__________ they discovered that nobody was on the island. astonish
5. Each flag has its additional _____________. mean
6. Another ___________started at once. argue
7. Brighton is an ideal place for____________ . relax
8. There are eleven ___________in each team in cricket. play
9. They tried to persuade the ______________to introduce new laws. govern
10. The road __________must be improved. safe
11. Finding a good job is uneasy without proper ____________. qualify
12. Many people consider the ____________of moving away. possible
13. It is necessary to fill the _______________form. apply
14. The rate of _________________is very high. employ
15. You have a great _____________. imagine
16. To our great ___________, it started to rain. disappoint
17. The better your education is, the less_____________you will have in finding a job. difficult

Суффиксы и префиксы прилагательного

Задание 5. Form adjectives from the words in bold.

1. Huge ___________dinosaurs used to walk on the Earth. power
2. There are a lot of ______________courses to improve your skills. train
3. This private boat carried a cargo of _______________products. commerce
4. The dodo lived on an island where he had no ___________enemies. nature
5. There are hundreds of ______________hotels in sunny Brighton. comfort
6. Enjoy delicious dishes in ____________ restaurants. fashion
7. Taking part in this attraction can be a bit ______. risk
8. The story describes the ______________action of people. hero
9. _________plays are staged on Broadway. vary
10. The road was in ________________condition. excellence
11. The _____________method is always in great use. help
12. My father doesn’t buy _____________newspapers. expense
13. Who is _______________for making changes in our society? response
14. The Russians are considered to be very _____________. hospitality
15. The ______________equipment needs to be checked. electricity
16. I was impressed by French ______________cuisine. delicacy
17. She is not self- ________________. confidence
18. The job will give him more _______________freedom. artist
19. Paul’s Cathedral is an _________________building. impress
20. In the old days the only ___________means of transport was the horse. person
21. The trip was very ______________. benefit
22. Is your answer _______________ from mine? differ

Задание 6 . Form adjectives from the words in bold. Mind the prefix UN-

1. Two _____________brothers Montgolfier were responsible for designing the first air balloon. France
2. The design of the balloon was based on ____________________law. science
3. Some ________________flyers have had an accident. fortunate
4. The first ________________flight was in 1783. success
5. You can go on a _______________ride on a horse back. enjoy
6. He had an ____________________idea. imagine
7. More ______________visitors can try «The Vampire Ride». adventure
8. Riding fast high above the park can be a ______________experience . scare
9. Nature is so ___________________that’s why we cannot forecast more than for a few days. predict
10. _______ people or things existed in the past are considered to be a part of history. history
11. ____________baseball began in the USA in 1865. profession
12. In the USA baseball is considered as a __________sport. nation
13. It will be an ________________experience for me. forget
14. He started his own business and became ________________. wealth
15. The bridge was very ________________. use
16. It has become the place of _______________importance. globe
17. At first sight it seems _________________. believe
18. The situation is becoming more __________________. understand
19. She is a very _________________woman. effect
20. Everyone fell _____________in the room. silence
21. It was the most _________________journey I have ever had. please
22. It is ___________to drive without seatbelt. legal

Задания в формате ЕГЭ. Суффиксы и префиксы глагола

1. He _______________ and lay on the bed. dress
2. He could enter the house because the door was ___________. lock
3. The usual practice at the History lesson is to ___________texts. tell
4. The exercise must be ________________. write
5. Teachers sometimes _____________students. understand
6. When the child ______________ she was unable to cope with him. behave
7. The parents ____________ the child to go out late at night. allow
8. When the days begin to ____________then the cold begins to _____________. long/ strong
9. They’re trying to _____________our name. black
10. The snow ____________the mountain tops. white
11. He was ____________by his family to learn music at a young age. courage
12. The town is ______________by fortified walls. circle
13. The route was built to ______________trucks to get around a waterfall. able
14. No argument can __________a war. just
15. If you ____________ a substance, you make it pure by removing any dirty substances from it. pure
16. You have ______________him as an ambitious person. character
17. His mother rarely___________ him or any of her children. critic
18. I’m sure Rose will _____________many of us. live

Задание 8. Form verbs from the words in bold.

1. The symptoms of her illness have____________. appear
2. The student__________the teacher and did the wrong exercise. hear
3. Last week the government ______________ the citizens about the political situation in the country. inform
4. His own mind was ___________and ______________by foreign travel. large/rich
5. Martin ___________all the people in the area. He died at the age of 101. live
6. The elderly are usually _______________with the young. satisfy
7. Nowadays the risk of serious illness has________. less
8. Do you mean to____________ me? threat
9. Unfortunately, the cooperation between two countries was _______________. organize
10. The line was ___________, though not dead. connect
11. I am very ________________ with you. appoint
12. The students _______________ the teacher. obey
13. What does the emblem _______________? symbol
14. If someone_________a word, they spell it wrongly. spell
15. Don’t let this ______________ you. courage
16. He recognized her voice and his face ____________. soft
17. The men tried to __________ each other in their generosity. do

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Словообразование английского языка + упражнения для тренировки
тест (10 класс) на тему

В данном файле содержится теория английского словообразования, а также тренировочные упражнения.

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СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАК СЛОЖНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА (WORD-BUILDING)

В ходе обучения иностранному языку, в частности, английскому, у студентов возникает масса вопросов при переводе слов той или иной части речи. В связи с этим необходимо остановиться на основных способах словообразования в английском языке.

В современном английском языке имеется несколько способов словообразования:

1) конверсия ( образование новых слов без изменения их написания и произношения )

2) словосложение ( образование нового слова путем сложения двух слов в одно )

3) изменение ударения в слове (и получение нового слова другой части речи ).

4) аффиксация ( прибавление к корню суффикса или префикса )

Конверсия как способ словообразования. Словосложение. Изменение ударения.

Иногда слово может менять свое значение и выполнять новую синтаксическую функцию в предложении, не изменяя при этом написания и произношения ( конверсия ). Наиболее распространенным является образование глаголов от существительных: master (хозяин) — to master (управлять), house (дом) — to house (размещать), water (вода) — to water (поливать). Но глаголы могут быть образованы и от прилагательных: empty (пустой) — to empty (опустошать) white (белый) — to white (белить).

Словосложение — это объединение полнозначных слов или их основ в сложное слово. Вновь образованное сложное слово пишется слитно или через дефис: airfield — аэродром (air — воздух, field — поле), air-base — авиабаза (air — воздух, base — база), airman — авиатор (air — воздух, man — мужчина), schoolday — школьный день (school — школа, day — день), birthplace — место рождения (birth — рождение, place — место).

Сложные слова могут состоять из двух существительных, первое из которых приобретает значение прилагательного. В этом случае слова пишутся отдельно. Например: service dress — форменная одежда, одежда для службы (service — служба, dress — платье), shop window — витрина (shop — магазин, window — окно), skim milk — снятое молоко (to skim — снимать (накипь и т.д.), milk — молоко ).

Многие существительные совпадают по форме с глаголами, но отличаются ударением . Как правило, в существительных ударение падает на первый слог, а в соответствующих глаголах — на второй: ex port (экспорт) — to ex port (экспортировать) pre sent (подарок) — to pre sent (дарить).

Словообразование с помощью аффиксации.

Образование новых слов может происходить при помощи присоединения к основе слова суффиксов или префиксов (приставок). Префиксы присоединяются к корню слова в начале, а суффиксы — в конце. Слова, образованные с помощью префиксов или суффиксов, в отличие от простых слов, называются производными.

Самым продуктивным является этот вид словообразования. В ходе обучения английскому языку уделяется большое внимание этому способу словосложения.

Префиксы, как и суффиксы, могут присоединяться к различным частям речи, изменяя при этом значение основы слова, например: happy (счастливый) — unhappy (несчастный) — happiness (счастье) — happily (счастливо); help (помощь) — helper (помощник) — helpful (полезный) — helpless (беспомощный).

Наиболее употребительные приставки (префиксы) и их значения:

1. Префикс со значением “снова”, “заново”, “вновь”, “пере”:

to construct (строить) — to reconstruct (перестроить), to read (читать) — to reread (перечитать), to write (писать) — to rewrite (переписать)

2. Префиксы, которые придают слову противоположное значение или обозначают противоположное действие :

un- dis- de- anti- counter-

to dress (одеваться) — to undress (раздеваться), to tie (связывать) — to untie (развязывать)

to appear (появляться) — to disappear (исчезать)

formation (формирование) — deformation (деформация)

fascist (фашист) — anti-fascist (антифашист)

attack (атака) — counterattack (контратака)

to contradict (противоречить, возражать)

3. Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение :

ir- il- dis- mis- non-

amoral ( аморальный, безнравственный )

absent (отсутствующий), abnormal ( ненормальный)

kind ( добрый) — unkind ( недобрый)

possible (возможный) — impossible (невозможный)

ability (способность) — inability (неспособность)

regular (регулярный) — irregular (нерегулярный)

legal (легальный) — illegal (нелегальный)

honest (честный) — dishonest (нечестный),

to understand (понимать) — to misunderstand (неправильно понять)

interference (вмешательство) — non-interference (невмешательство)

Приставка, которая начинается на “i” изменяется в зависимости от того, какая за ней стоит буква : il + l, ir + r, im + b, m, p.

4. Префиксы, имеющие значение “сверх”, “пере”, “чрезмерно”:

over- super- ultra-

to pay (платить) — to overpay (переплатить)

human (человеческий) — superhuman (сверхчеловеческий)

short (короткий) — ultra-short (ультракороткий)

5. Префиксы со значением “между”, “взаимно ”:

existence (существование) — co-existence (сосуществование)

national (национальный) — international (интернациональный)

6. Префиксы, которые переводятся как

war (война) — pre-war (довоенный), historic (исторический) — prehistoric (доисторический)

to foresee (предвидеть)

war (война,) — post-war (послевоенный), revolutionary (революционный) — post-revolutionary (послереволюционный)

в) “недостаточно”, “недо-“:

to pay (платить) — to underpay (оплачивать низко, т.е. недостаточно оплачивать, недоплачивать), production (производство) — underproduction ( недопроизводство)

division (разделение) — subdivision (подразделение), committee (комиссия, комитет) — subcommittee (подкомиссия)

champion (чемпион) — ex-champion (бывший чемпион)

autobiography (автобиография), automatic (автоматический)

semifinal (полуфинал), semicircle ( полукруг)

и) вверх, кверху, наверху

upstairs (вверх по лестнице), upside (верхняя часть), to uproot (вырывать с корнем)

к) двойной, два, дважды

bilingual (двуязычный), bi-monthly (выходящий два раза в месяц)

л) имеющий дело с книгами

м) относящийся к жизни

н) второстепенное значение

by-street (переулок, улочка)

о) много-, мульти-, поли-

multicolored (многоцветный), multimillionaire (мультимиллионер)

polyglot (полиглот), polytechnic (политехнический)

п) второстепенное значение

by-street (переулок, улочка)

7. Префикс глагола , имеющий значение “делать”:

large (большой) — to enlarge (увеличивать, делать больше), danger ( опасность ) — to endanger (подвергать опасности), force (сила) — to enforce (принуждать, настаивать)

Основные суффиксы существительных:

1. Суффиксы, обозначающие принадлежность к

а) политическому направлению профессии или нации :

Communist (коммунист), Marxist (марксист>, materialist (материалист);

artist (художник), typist (машинистка), pianist (пианист), historian (историк), librarian (библиотекарь), musician (музыкант); Russian (русский), Bulgarian (болгарин)

2. Суффикс, обозначающий учение, теорию, качество :

marxism (марксизм), heroism (героизм)

3. Суффиксы, обозначающие действующее лицо, его занятие или должность :

to teach ( учить) — teacher (учитель), to direct ( руководить ) — director (руководитель)

employee ( служащий), refugee (беженец, эмигрант), auctioneer (аукционер),

4. Суффикс, обозначающий результат действия :

achievement (достижение), agreement (согласие), government (правительство)

lemonade (лимонад) , blockade (блокада)

5. Суффиксы, обозначающие

brotherhood (братство), childhood (детство), manhood (мужественность)

dictatorship (диктатура), friendship (дружба), leadership (руководство)

accuracy (точность), infancy ( младенчество), supremacy ( превосходство)

б) действие, состояние :

shortage (нехватка), marriage (брак, супружество), voyage (путешествие)

hunting (охота), crossing (пересечение, перекресток), living (житье)

silence (молчание), difference (различие)

importance (важность), resistance (сопротивление)

collection (собрание, коллекция), dictation (диктант, диктовка)

competition ( соревнование), hesitation (сомнение, колебание)

removal ( удаление), arrival (прибытие), refusal (отказ), approval (одобрение)

в) качество или состояние :

freedom (свобода), kingdom (королевство), wisdom (мудрость)

coldness (холод), darkness (темнота), kindness (доброта), weakness (слабость)

activity (активность), safety (безопасность)

г) место действия, занятие или состояние

bakery (булочная), surgery (кабинет хирурга), cookery (кулинария), slavery (рабство)

д) род занятий, отрасль науки

physics (физика), politics (политика)

Основные суффиксы прилагательных:

1. Суффикс, образующий прилагательные от существительных и обозначающий национальную принадлежность или слабую степень качества :

Chinese (китаец, китайский), Japanese (японец, японский)

Pole (поляк) — Polish (польский), Scott (шотландец) — Scottish (шотландский)

red (красный) — reddish (красноватый), child (ребенок) — childish (ребячливый, детский)

2. Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от глаголов и обозначающие наличие качества :

to act (действовать) — active (активный), to talk (разговаривать) – talkative (разговорчивый)

to differ (различать) — different (различный), to insist (настаивать) — insistent (настойчивый) to observe (наблюдать, замечать) — observant (наблюдательный, внимательный)

3. Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от существительных
и обозначающие наличие качества, свойства :

base (основа) — basic (основной), economy (экономика) — economic (экономический)

centre (центр) — central (центральный)

culture (культура) — cultural (культурный), beauty (красота) — beautiful (красивый)

peace (мир) — peaceful (мирный), fame (слава) — famous (знаменитый)

cloud (облако) — cloudy (облачный), sun (солнце) — sunny (солнечный)

4. Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от различных частей
речи и обозначающие

а) качество, свойство :

element (элемент) — elementary (элементарный)

illusion (иллюзия) — illusory ( обманчивый, иллюзорный )

б) способность что-либо сделать, состояние, качество :

to change (изменить) — changeable (изменчивый)

to eat (есть) — eatable (съедобный), reason (разум) — reasonable ( разумный )

в) отсутствие качества :

useless (бесполезный), windless (безветренный)

Основные суффиксы глаголов :

active (активный) — to activate (активизировать)

short (короткий) — to shorten (укоротить)

pure (чистый) — to purify (очищать), simple (простой) — to simplify (упрощать)

character (характер) — to characterize (характеризовать)

Основные суффиксы наречий

Суффиксы, образующие наречия от

а) прилагательных, иногда — существительных, порядковых числительных и причастий:

bad (плохой) — badly (плохо), part (часть) — partly (частично), first (первый) — firstly (во-первых)

б) существительных и наречий и обозначающие направление (или направленность):

North (север) — northward(s) (к северу, на север), after (после) — afterwards (впоследствии, позже, потом), back (обратно, назад) — backward(s) (назад, в обратном направлении)

home (дом, домой) — homeward (к дому, по направлению к дому)

NOTE! В английском языке большое место занимают слова, заимствованные из других языков. Такие слова называются интернациональными . По корню этих слов легко догадаться об их значении. Например: telegram (телеграмма), orchestra (оркестр), concert (концерт) и др. Умение подмечать интернациональные слова в значительной степени облегчает работу по переводу текста.

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие слова, выделите в них суффиксы и префиксы:

Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, decompose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, reconstruct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.

Ex. 2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова. Переведите их:

Achievement — achieve, resistance — resistant, assistance — assist — assistant, celebration — celebrate, difference — different, city — citizen, nation — national — nationality, measure — measurement, develop — development, act — active — activity, contain — container, discover — discovery — discoverer, literature — literary, graduate — graduation — undergraduate — post-graduate, educate — education, progress — progressive, act — action — activity — active, govern — governor — government.

Ex. З. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ег или -or . Переведите на русский язык:

To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.

Ex. 4. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффикса -ist, -ism, -ian . Переведите на русский язык:

Special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic, mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India.

Ex. 5. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ment . Переведите на русский язык:

Develop, achieve, move, arrange, treat, state, improve, agree, equip, govern, require, measure, announce, pave.

Ex. 6. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -ful и -less , переведите их на русский язык :

Beauty, thank, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.

Ex. 7. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -able, -ible , переведите их на русский язык:

Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect.

Ex. 8. Найдите и выделите суффиксы в данных словах и определите, к какой части речи эти слова относятся:

British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experiment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, fundamental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attractive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom.

Ex. 9. Образуйте глаголы с помощью суффикса -en :

Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp, strength.

Ex. 10. Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса -1у и переведите их:

Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.

Ex. 11. Образуйте глаголы от данных существительных. Переведите их:

Turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, stay, step, stop, study, talk, visit, rest, air, paper, cover, handle, cause, watch, act, address, answer, brush, clean, cross, crowd, wave, wish, work, dance, doubt, dress, end, fight, help, hope, joke, laugh, lift, light, love, mind, paper, pencil, place, plan, play, post, reply, report, return, sail, show.

Ex. 12. Переведите на русский язык. Выделите словообразующие элементы. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова:

React, reaction, reactor, reactivity; science, scientific, scientist; industry, industrial, industrious; cold, coldly, coldness; dark, darkness, darken; happy, happily, happiness, unhappy; equal, equally, unequal, equality; free, freedom, freely; attention, attentive, attentively; sun, sunny, sunless; care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessness; to differ, different, difference, indifferent; England, English, Englishman; fame, famous.

Ex. 13. Переведите следующие сложные слова:

Airport, armchair, bathroom, bedroom, bookcase, bookshelf, classroom, custom-house, dining-room, drawing-room, fireplace, folksong, gentleman, hairbrush, icebox, newspaper, notebook, postcard, post-office, raincoat, sportsman, sunshine, writing-table.

Ex. 14. Прочтите следующие пары слов, соблюдая ударения. Переведите их:

An accent — to accent, a contract — to contract, a content — to content, a contest — to contest, a convoy — to convoy, a convict — to convict, a perfect — to perfect, a record — to record.

Ex. 15. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова:

1. Не works as a teacher. 2. I saw one of his works at the exhibition. 3. I was waiting for your report . 4. They report the results of their experiment every Monday. 5. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment. 6. You’ll make progress if you work hard. 7. He thought about his new work . 8. I have a present for you. 9. I am busy at present . 10. He presented me with a book.

Ex. 16. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов. Определите части речи. Дайте начальную форму. Переведите слова:

Powerful, inventor, high-quality, network, demoralize, profitable, dislike, disagree, movement, shorten, incorrect, electricity, fruitful, fruitless, happiness, dangerous, noisy, sunny, rainy, badly, strongly, reading, teaching, rebuild, retell, leader, teacher, unhappy, unusual, translation, cooperation, schoolboy, icebreaker.

Ex. 17. Напишите сложные существительные, исходя из объяснений.

Например: A machine for drying hair – hair drier.

1. A thing for opening tins — . . 2. A machine for playing records — . . 3. A machine for mixing food — . . 4. A thing that times eggs (when they are boiling) — . . 5. Things for warming people’s legs — . . 6. Stuff that kills flies — . . 7. A liquid that removes paint — . . 8. A tool that opens bottles — . . 9. A thing for peeling potatoes — . . 10. A liquid for removing eye makeup — . . 11. Stuff for freshening the air — . .

Ex. 18. Напишите словосочетания по модели число+ существительное+существительное (! не забывайте что число и первое существительное соединяется дефисом и что это существительное обычно стоит в единственном числе)

Например: a walk lasting for three miles – a three-mile walk.

1. A girl who has just celebrated her sixteenth birthday — . . 2. A flight lasting for ten hours — . . 3. A note that is worth twenty pounds — . . 4. A language course that lasts four weeks — . . 5. A drive that takes three hours — . . 6. A meal that consists of three courses — . . 7. A holiday that lasts two weeks — . . 8. A delay at the airport that went on for two hours — . . 9. A letter that goes on for ten pages — . . 10. A university course that takes three years — . . 11. A prison sentence of ten years — . . 12. A hotel with five stars — . . 13. A speed limit of 30 miles an hour — . . 14. A house that was built two hundred years ago — . .

Ex. 19. Распределите прилагательные по трем группам: 1) люди, 2) места, 3) вещи:

Obstinate, unspoilt, hand-made, waterproof, easy-going, breathtaking, aggressive, deserted, overgrown, overcrowded, cunning, picturesque, arrogant, long-lasting, spoilt, automatic, accurate, artificial.

Ex. 20. Выберите слово с нужным по смыслу префиксом или суффиксом.

1. I know Jim Kerry is very popular but I find him totally childish / childlike . 2. I couldn’t work out whom the letter was from. The signature was childish / childlike. 3. Sarah is so childish / childlike . She always plays trick on her friends. 4. It was wonderful to watch the tiny lambs playing. I got such childish / childlike pleasure from the experience. 5. Sophie is extremely sensitive / sensible at the moment. Anything you say seems to upset her. 6. Karen is not a very sensitive / sensible person. She wore high-heeled shoes for our four-mile walk. 7. I’ve never known her to tell a lie. She’s a very true / truthful person. 8. I can never watch sad films that are based on true / truthful a story. They always make me cry. 9. Susan is so intolerable / intolerant of other people. She never accepts anyone else’s opinion, and she always thinks she knows best. 10. I find Mark’s behaviour intolerable / intolerant . It’s unfair to be so selfish. 11. We’re having an economic / economical crisis at the moment. James has lost his job and I don’t know how we are going to pay the rent. 12. It’s more economic / economical to drive slowly. You can do a lot more miles to the gallop.

Ex. 21. Подберите к каждой тройке слов такое, чтобы с его помощью образовать составные существительные, используйте слова: board, green, paper, book, birthday, blood, rain, site, road, sports, ice, water, day, night, hand, case, sun, bag .

Например: camp. building. bomb. – campsite, building site, bomb-site.

1. . test, . pressure, . donor. 2. . fall, . melon, . skiing. 3. . house, . grocer, . salad. 4. . club, . mare, . shift. 5. brief. suit. book. . 6. paper. plastic. shoulder. . 7. . bow, . coat, . drop. 8. . shine, . rise, . set. 9. . works, . sign, . rage. 10. black. floor. notice. . 11. . light, . break, . dream. 12. . shake, . writing, . book. 13. . cube, . berg, . rink. 14. . cake, . present, . card. 15. . scape, . lady, . slide. 16. . car, . center, . ground. 17. address. visitor’s. note. .

Ex. 22. Дополните предложения сложными существительными в скобках (это могут быть и составные существительные, и существительные в притяжательном падеже в простой или аналитической форме).

1. Your coat is on the . (back, chair). 2. You’ve just spilt the . (milk, cat). 3. Can you buy some . (paper, toilet). 4. I never listened to my . (advise, parents). 5. Can you buy a . (wine, bottle) to have with supper? 6. What did that . (road, sigh) say? Did you see it? 7. It’s such a mess in here. There are empty . (wine, bottles) everywhere. 8. The . (Prime Minister, duties) include entertaining heads of the state. 9. The . (my shoe, heel) has come off. 10. Can I borrow your . (brush, hair)? 11. What happened at the . (film, end)? 12. Here is . (today, news). 13. Where is the nearest . (Metro, station)? 14. It’s my . (anniversary, parents, wedding) next week. 15. The . (company, success) is due to its efficiency. 16. I’ve got a . (fortnight, holiday) next month. 17. The . (government, economic policy) is confusing. 18. My children go to the local . (school, state). 19. The annual . (rate, inflation) is about 4 percent. 20. Are there any . (coffee, cups) in your bedroom? There are none in the kitchen. 21. Do you want a . (coffee, cup)?

Ex. 22. Заполните пропуски глаголом или существительным: advice – to advise, use – to use, abuse – to abuse, belief – to believe, relief – to relieve, grief – grieve, excuse – to excuse, breath – to breathe, half – to halve, house – to house, safe – to save, bath – to bathe .

1. It is my personal . that this man is innocent. 2. Let me listen to your chest. Take a deep . and say “Ah”. 3. You should put your valuables in the . . 4. Drug . is a terrible problem all over the world. 5. I know it isn’t good for my skin, but I love sun . . 6. I’ve been so worried about you! It’s such a . to see you at last! 7. “What are we going to do with this cake?” “Cut it in two. You take . and I’ll take . .” 8. Can you show me how to . this new coffee machine? 9. The refugees are . in temporary accommodation. 10. She apologizes for her behavior, and said it was because she’d had a busy day, but that’s no . for breaking all the plates. 11. People need time to . after the death of someone they love. 12. Take my . . Never marry for money. Marry for love.

Ex. 22. Напишите слово противоположное по значению, используя префикс

Kind, honest, credible, appear, fair, equal, pleased, continue, fasten, normal, employed, friendly, trust, professional, known, cover, safe, use, probable, important, emotional.